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Seerah An-Nabawiyyah

Life of Prophet Muhammed ﷺ

The seal of all Prophets — sent as a mercy to all of mankind.
His life is a complete guide for every Muslim.

570 CE — Birth

Born in Makkah on 12 Rabi-ul-Awwal.
Known as "Al-Amin" (The Trustworthy) among his people.

610 CE — First Revelation

At age 40, Angel Jibreel ﷺ descended in Cave Hira with the first verses of Surah Al-Alaq. Prophethood began.

613 CE — Public Dawah

After 3 years of private preaching, Prophet ﷺ began calling people publicly to Islam on Mount Safa.

619 CE — Year of Sorrow (Aam ul Huzn)

The Prophet ﷺ lost both his beloved wife Khadijah ؓ and his uncle Abu Talib in the same year.

620 CE — Isra wal Miraj

The miraculous night journey from Makkah to Jerusalem, then ascension through the heavens.
Salah (5 daily prayers) was made obligatory.

622 CE — Hijrah to Madinah

The Prophet ﷺ migrated from Makkah to Madinah. This marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar (Hijri year 1).

624 CE — Battle of Badr

First major battle of Islam.
313 Muslims defeated 1,000 Quraish warriors — a divine victory and turning point for the Ummah.

630 CE — Conquest of Makkah

Prophet ﷺ entered Makkah with 10,000 Muslims.
He forgave his enemies and cleansed the Kaabah of all idols — a moment of great mercy.

632 CE — Wisaal (Passing)

On 12 Rabi-ul-Awwal, Prophet Muhammed ﷺ passed away in Madinah at age 63. His mission was complete — the Deen was perfected.

After the Prophet ﷺ

The Five Rightly-Guided Caliphs

After Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, these noble Sahabah led the Muslim Ummah with justice, faith and wisdom.

1
أبو بكر الصديقؓ
Abu Bakr As-Siddiq ؓ
632 – 634 CE · 2 Years

The closest companion and father-in-law of the Prophet ﷺ. First Caliph of Islam. Preserved the Quran in written form.

2
عمر بن الخطابؓ
Umar Ibn Al-Khattab ؓ
634 – 644 CE · 10 Years

Al-Farooq — the one who distinguishes truth from falsehood. Islam expanded greatly under his just and powerful leadership.

3
عثمان بن عفانؓ
Uthman Ibn Affan ؓ
644 – 656 CE · 12 Years

Dhun-Nurayn — the one with two lights. Compiled the standardized Mushaf of the Holy Quran. Known for his exceptional generosity.

4
علي بن أبي طالبؓ
Ali Ibn Abi Talib ؓ
656 – 661 CE · 5 Years

The cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet ﷺ. Baab-ul-Ilm — the gateway to knowledge. Renowned for bravery and deep wisdom.

5
حسن بن علي ؓ
Hassan ibn Ali ؓ
661 CE · 6 Months

Grandson of Prophet Muhammed ﷺ and the fifth Rightly Guided Caliph. A symbol of peace, wisdom, and sacrifice for Muslim unity.

Five Pillars of Islam

The Foundation of Our Faith

Islam is built on five core pillars — every Muslim's obligation and eternal connection to Allah ﷻ.

الشَّهَادَة
Shahadah

"There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad ﷺ is His Messenger." The first and greatest pillar of Islam.

Declaration of Faith
الصَّلَاة
Namaz (Salah)

Five daily prayers at Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib & Isha. A direct conversation between the servant and Allah.

5 Daily Prayers
الصَّوْم
Rozah (Sawm)

Fasting in the holy month of Ramadan — from Fajr to Maghrib, abstaining from food, drink and bad deeds.

Ramadan Fasting
الزَّكَاة
Zakat

Obligatory charity — 2.5% of annual savings given to those in need, purifying wealth and strengthening community.

Obligatory Charity
الْحَجّ
Hajj

Pilgrimage to Makkah, obligatory once in a lifetime for those able. The greatest gathering of the Ummah.

Sacred Pilgrimage
Hijri Calendar

The 12 Islamic Months

The Islamic (Hijri) lunar calendar has 12 months. Each month starts with the sighting of the new moon — a reminder of Allah's perfect order in creation.

01
مُحَرَّم
Muharram

First sacred month. Contains Ashura (10th), a day of great significance and fasting.

02
صَفَر
Safar

Second month. Its name means "empty" — Arabs would leave homes for travel and war in this month.

03
رَبِيعُ الْأَوَّل
Rabi' al-Awwal

The most blessed month — birth and passing of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ on 12th Rabi-ul-Awwal.

04
رَبِيعُ الثَّانِي
Rabi' al-Thani

Second spring month. A time of continued blessings following Rabi-ul-Awwal.

05
جُمَادَى الْأُولَى
Jumada al-Ula

Fifth month — "Jumada" means dry or frozen. Named after the dry season in Arabia.

06
جُمَادَى الثَّانِيَة
Jumada al-Thania

Sixth month. The second of the Jumada months — continues the period of steadiness and preparation.

07
رَجَب
Rajab

One of the four sacred months. Isra wal Miraj took place in this month — a night of divine ascension.

08
شَعْبَان
Sha'ban

A month beloved by the Prophet ﷺ. The 15th night (Shab-e-Baraat) is special for seeking forgiveness.

09
رَمَضَان
Ramadan ✦

The holiest month. Fasting is obligatory. Laylat-ul-Qadr (Night of Power) — better than 1000 months — falls in this month.

10
شَوَّال
Shawwal

Eid-ul-Fitr falls on 1st Shawwal. Six voluntary fasts in this month carry great reward.

11
ذُو الْقَعْدَة
Dhul Qa'dah

One of the four sacred months. A time of rest from war and peaceful preparation for Hajj.

12
ذُو الْحِجَّة
Dhul Hijjah ✦

Month of Hajj. First 10 days are among the most virtuous. Eid-ul-Adha on 10th — a sacred month of sacrifice and closeness to Allah.

2nd Pillar of Islam

Understanding Salah (Namaz)

Salah is the direct conversation between a servant and Allah ﷻ — five times a day, it is the pillar that holds a Muslim's faith upright.

وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَارْكَعُوا مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ

"And establish prayer and give zakah and bow with those who bow [in worship and obedience]."

Surah Al-Baqarah · 2:43

🌅
الفَجْر
Fajr
Dawn Prayer

2 Rak'ahs Sunnah + 2 Rak'ahs Fard. Prayed from true dawn until just before sunrise.

☀️
الظُّهْر
Dhuhr
Midday Prayer

4 Sunnah + 4 Fard + 2 Sunnah + 2 Nafl. Prayed after the sun passes its zenith until mid-afternoon.

🌤
العَصْر
Asr
Afternoon Prayer

4 Sunnah + 4 Fard. Prayed from mid-afternoon until just before sunset. Highly emphasised in the Quran.

🍂
المَغْرِب
Maghrib
Sunset Prayer

3 Fard + 2 Sunnah + 2 Nafl. Prayed just after sunset — a short but precious window of time.

🌙
العِشَاء
Isha
Night Prayer

4 Sunnah + 4 Fard + 2 Sunnah + 2 Nafl + 3 Witr. Prayed after Maghrib until midnight (best) or dawn.

Conditions (Shurut)

For Salah to be valid: body must be clean (Wudu), clothing and place must be clean (Taharah), facing Qiblah (Makkah), correct time of prayer, and proper intention (Niyyah).

Parts (Arkan)

Key actions: Takbeer-e-Tahreema (opening), Qiyam (standing), Ruku (bowing), Sujood (prostration), and Qa'dah Akhira (final sitting). Each must be performed with complete focus and stillness.

Wudu (Ablution)

Wudu is done before every Salah: wash hands, rinse mouth, nose, wash face, arms (to elbow), wipe head, clean ears, and wash feet (to ankles) — all three times each.

اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ

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